Mao+Zedong

1. Origins and nature of authoritarian and single-party states 2. Establishment of authoritarian and single-party states 3. Domestic policies and impact · Lasting from 1966-1967, the Cultural Revolution was initiated by the Communist Party of the Chinese government and led by Chairman Mao Tsedong (Cultural Revolution). ·  The Cultural Revolution targeted not only party functionaries, but also “officeholders in the economy, education, and  cultural  institutions” in an attempt to rid China of bourgeois influences.(Cultural Revolution). · “It caused great disruptions in the Communist Party itself, as over 70 per cent of government and party leaders at regional and provincial levels were replaced” (Cultural Revolution). · The public was encouraged to denouce anyone suspected of wavering Communist beliefs (Cultural Revolution). · “Words of Chairman [|Mao]  became the sole rule of conduct, and all established patterns of behaviour became subject to question,” resulting in an overall sense of terror within the public (Cultural Revolution). · An estimated three million people were denouced and ‘around half a million people died as a consequence of the  Revolution”  (Cultural Revolution). · “By 1967, matters had escalated to near anarchy” as fanatical Communist youths, known as the Red Guard, terrorized their neighborhoods, denouncing teachers, parents, and anyone suspected of being beurgious. In 1968, matters became dire and “the military was called in to restore order” (Cultural Revolution). · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Upon Mao’s death, the Cultural Revolution was primarily over (Cultural Revolution). ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">“It was primarily an urban phenomenon” and affected mostly those living in cities in China half of China’s urban population (Cultural Revolution). ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">For Mao, the revolution was a success, for it accomplished his major goals of reasserting his power within the Communist Party and removing critics of his policies, namely the Great Leap Forward, from the government, “notably State Chairman [|Liu Shaoqi]<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">” (Cultural Revolution).
 * Conditions that produced authoritarian and single party states
 * Emergence of leaders: aims, ideology, support
 * Totalitarianism: the aim and the extent to which it was achieved
 * Methods: force, legal
 * Form of government, (left-and right-wing) ideology
 * Nature, extent and treatment of opposition

"Cultural Revolution" //A Dictionary of Contemporary World History//. Jan Palmowski. Oxford University Press, 2008. //Oxford ReferenceOnline//. Oxford University Press. Infohio - NOACSC. 30 August 2009 []<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">