Crisis+state+Mao+and+Nasser

Type in the content of your pa **The Historical Context** ( Kathy Chilikov) I. An explanation of what this means for the single party state leader. A. **Crisis State** 1. Danger of state collapse. 2. Break down of order in society leads to events and conditions that allow for the rise of a single party state. 3. The public is willing to accept extreme solutions in order to reinstated order and stability. 4. Crisis state is induced by: a. War and its aftermath. b. Economical and political instability. c. Lack of leadership. d. Unpopular government. e. Independence movements. f. Violence and despair. B. **Failure of the unpopular regime to respond to crisis** C. **Arbitrary Oppression** D. **Downfall of the state’s leadership** II. **Mao Zedong** A. **Causes of crisis state** 1. Foreign interference a. European nations take advantage of China’s trading ports b. Opium Wars with Britain (1839-42) 2. Japanese Invasion (1931) a. Japan aims to dominate China politically and economically b. Japan aims to secure raw materials and labor c. Occupation of Manchuria 3. Civil War a. Fought between the Kuomintang (The National People’s Party) led by Chiang and the Communist Party of China led by Mao Zedong. 4. Inefficiency and corruption of KMT a. Meager reform b. High inflation c. Famine d. High taxes and forced labour B. **Failure to respond to crisis** 1. Foreign Interference a. China is forced to hand over Hong Kong allows Britain to trade at certain ports. b. Western Nations have concessions in about eighty towns and ports. 2. Japanese Invasion a. Chiang sees the communist as a bigger threat than Japanese b. KMT focuses attention on eliminating communist opposition than resisting the Japanese. 3. Civil War a. Both factions are vying for power, neither wished to back down. C. **Arbitrary Oppresion** 1. Ruthless economic exploitation of peasants 2. Political oppression of peasants 3. Forced labor 4. Child labor D. **Downfall** 1. Communist’s land policy a. Seized estates of rich landowners and distributed to peasants. b. Mao wins the support of small landowners and peasants. 2. Communist administration was honest and fair 3. Unhappy KMT military 4. Communist Propaganda 5. Communist emerge as patriotic heroes following campaign against the Japanese. 6. Mao promises a unified China

III. **Gamal Abdel Nasser** A. **Causes of a Crisis state** 1. Corruption and ineffectual governance of King Farouk I 2. Lavish life style of the king 3. British occupation of the state of Egypt 4. Egypt’s defeat in the 1948 War a. Farouk is branded as an ineffectual leader b. Farouck looses support of military c. Government is criticized for outcome of the war. d. Egypt looses 78 percent of Palestine to Israel. B. **Failure to respond to crisis** 1. King Farouk permits Britain to dominate Egyptian affairs 2. Rise of the Society of Muslim Brotherhood a. Political force criticizing the Farouk’s reign. b. Advocates for Islamic reform and foreign influence C. **Arbitrary Oppression** 1. Farouk tries to eliminate opposition, in particularly members of the Muslim Brotherhood. D**. Downfall** 1. Establishment of the secret movement - “ Free officers” 2. Military coup lead by Nasser overthrows the King Farouk on July 23, 1952. 3. Nasser justifies the movement seizure of power by promising to the Egyptian people a unified Arab world and strong anti- imperialist government 4. Nasser committed to modernizing Egypt and restoring the country’s greatness.

Events and conditions in both China and Egypt allowed for the rise of a single party state. Both Mao and Nasser took advantage of the crumbling regime to seize power and impose a new ideology upon the people. Both states were directly affected economically and politically by western interference into state affairs. Wars lead to the unpopularity of both governments. Both Nasser and Mao justified their actions by claiming they would bring about a strong, unified government that would restore the country to its previous greatness. Both brought about the fall of a corrupt and unjust government throught violent measures. Mao and Nasser different in the direct way they came to power. While Mao came to power as the ultimate winner of a civil war, Nasser became leader of Egypt through a military coup. The crisis states differed in the severity of arbitrary oppression. ge here.