John+Steigerwalt+Historical+Investigation

TTo: Mr. Griffin From: John Steigerwalt Date: October 1, 2010 Subject: Historical Investigation The purpose of this investigation is the determine the extent of which the 1995 rugby world cup united South Africa, shortly after the end of apartheid. The main body of the investigation will provide pre-world cup information, world cup summary, the effects of the world cup on South Africa, and present day South Africa. The two main sources I utilized in this investigation was, // Invictus: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation //, which was a summary of the world cup games, and an article from BBC News, " South Africa 'rugby Unity': Fact and Fiction", and analyzes the effects of the world cup. To analyze these sources I will do origin, purpose, value, and limitations for each. A conclusion will be reached by determining the difference in South Africa before and after the 1995 rugby world cup. Word Count: 142 ** B. Summary of Evidence  ** When South Africa's president, Nelson Mandela, asked the country to support the national rugby team, the Springboks, the black population, within the stadium, booed him. But that did not matter. Whether the country supported the Springboks or not, they had a rugby world cup to play. The first game the Springboks played was against the defending champions, Australia. The outcome of the game was a surprising whipping by the Springboks, 27-18. South Africa was now in good position to win their group, which consisted of Australia, Romania, and Canada, because Romania and Canada were beatable teams. In their game against Romania they won 21-8. Yet in their game against Canada, although they won, one of their important players, James Dalton, was kicked out do to an apparent punch to the face. After advancing though the group stage the Springboks faced a tough France team in the semi-finals. The pre-game weather was awful. The referees were debating on calling off the game. And if that happened South Africa would lose, because they had the worst disciplinary record, because of Dalton getting kicked out in the game against Canada. Luckily with minutes to spare, the ref allowed the game to be played. The final of the game was a close win for the Springboks 19-15. And South Africa was through to the finals. In the finals they faced the favorites of the rugby world cup, New Zealand, or the All Blacks. 63,000 people packed the stadium, white and black. At half the Springboks were up 9-6. But the All Blacks tied it up in the second half. Then the two squads went to extra time. The game finally ended in South Africa's favor 15-12. They won the world cup. In South Africa, for the first time, blacks and whites came together to support, and cheer for their Springboks. The Springboks play undoubtedly effected the nation. The country united for the first time in its history. It was a great opportunity for this country to move past apartheid, because, they were not worrying or arguing, they focused their attention on the Springboks. So, this world cup was a great transition between pre-apartheid South Africa and post-apartheid South Africa. Word Count: 502 ** C. Evaluation of Sources  ** ** Carlin, John. ** ** // Invictus: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation //. New York: Penguin, 2009. Print. **  The origin of this source is a novel published in 2009 by John Carlin  //. The purpose of // source   //is to show how the South African 1995 rugby team united the nation recently following the end of apartheid. This source also gives good information about what actually happened during the world cup: games, scores, and crowd reactions. // // Invictus  //  //is very valuable because it will show the true story of the 1995 South African rugby team, and how it affected the nation. Some limitations to this novel is that some of the information could be dramatized, because John Carlin most likely wrote this novel for more of an inspiring story than a historical event. //  **  Fihlani, Pumza. "BBC News - South Africa 'rugby Unity': Fact and Fiction." ** ** // BBC News - Home //. Web. 30 Sept. 2010. . **  The origin of this source is an article from BBC News, by Pumza Fihlani,. The purpose of this article is to determine whether the success of uniting South Africa during 1995, is still living today within the country. This source is valuable to me because it basically gives me the result of the rugby world cup: did it permanently or temporary fix South Africa. This source has limitation because it only gives one side, a positive side. And I am sure that negative things has happened within South Africa since then. But this article gives me great understanding of the positive things that has happened in South Africa following the rugby world cup, in 1995. And this article really only have the black man's view and not the white's.    Word Count: 284 ** D. Analysis  ** Before the 1990s, South Africa was under apartheid. People were separated into racial groups, black and white. Blacks and whites were separated into separate geographical locations, and have to follow apartheid laws, which favored whites. Blacks lived in crowded, dangerous cities. Where homes were 15 by 15 feet, that had to house an entire family. Blacks received lower education, if they even received education. It was nearly impossible for blacks to get out of this cycle. While whites lived in nice areas, nice houses, great education, and usually had blacks as maids and butlers. Finally in 1994 the government decided to rewrite their Constitution. This new Constitution allowed for free general elections, something that the majority of South Africans have never participated in. Nelson Mandela won the election in a land slide, and shortly after that, the apartheid system, that has been haunting South Africa for many years came to an end. The rugby world cup was definitely an important event for South Africa to move past apartheid. And coming right after Mandela became president, it was a great opportunity to step in the right direction. While the rugby team did well in the cup, the country finally became and acted as one. to support their new hope, the Springboks. Hatred and violence seemed to stop. And blacks and whites had a common subject; rugby. But this feeling changed. Gradually, after the end of the world cup, racism restated its self. Then after enough time the country was back where they started. Violence started to rise, again. And the line between black and white, was appearing again,   although this time it was an invisible line because apartheid was over. And whites began to treat blacks like dirt. Today it is similar. They might not be as much violence, but there is still racism. Racist actions happen all the time for instance an action that occurred in February, 2008. Things like that keep the country separated.
 * A. Plan of Investigation **

Word Count: 474 ** E. Conclusion  ** There is no doubt that the 1995 rugby world cup united South Africa, shortly after the end of apartheid. The country formed together, for the first time in history, to support the Springboks. With this support, the Springboks, and South Africa, won the rugby world cup. Yet today things are not the same. That feeling of unity has fizzled and dissolved. Although there is no apartheid, there is defiantly an invisible line between blacks and whites. Violence is still occurring between the two races. It is hard to support that the rugby world cup completely united South Africa, when, today, it is not united.

Word Count: 176

Final Word Count: 1578 ** F. Work Cited  ** Carlin, John. // Invictus: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation //. New York: Penguin, 2009. Print.

Fihlani, By Pumza. "BBC News - South Africa 'rugby Unity': Fact and Fiction." // BBC News - Home //. Web. 30 Sept. 2010. .

"How Nelson Mandela Won the Rugby World Cup - Telegraph." // Telegraph.co.uk - Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph Newspapers - Telegraph //. 19 Oct. 2009. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. .

Hughes, Neil. "South Africa Win the 1995 Rugby World Cup: Mandela Presents the Webb Ellis Trophy. The Story Behind Invictus." // Suite101.com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network //. 11 Feb. 2010. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. .

"BBC SPORT | Rugby Union | Rugby World Cup | History | 1995: Party Time for SA." // BBC News - Home //. 24 June 1995. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. . "Apartheid South Africa." Web. 09 Nov. 2010. . Mathabane, Mark. // Kaffir Boy: the True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa //. New York: Macmillan, 1986. Print. Robinson, Alonford James. "Apartheid -- Africana." // Encyclopedia Africana //. Web. 09 Nov. 2010. . "BBC News | AFRICA | South Africa's Struggle with Racism." // BBC News - Home //. 27 Aug. 2001. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. . Akwani, Obi. "Obi Akwani, MGV Editor." // Job Tools Table Include //. 29 Mar. 2008. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. .

" How Nelson Mandela Won the Rugby World Cup - Telegraph." // Telegraph.co.uk - Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph Newspapers - Telegraph //. 19 Oct. 2009. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. . Hughes, Neil. "South Africa Win the 1995 Rugby World Cup: Mandela Presents the Webb Ellis Trophy. The Story Behind Invictus." // Suite101.com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network //. 11 Feb. 2010. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. . "BBC SPORT | Rugby Union | Rugby World Cup | History | 1995: Party Time for SA." // BBC News - Home //. 24 June 1995. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. . Carlin, John. // Invictus: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation //. New York: Penguin, 2009. Print. Fihlani, By Pumza. "BBC News - South Africa 'rugby Unity': Fact and Fiction." // BBC News - Home //. Web. 30 Sept. 2010. . "Apartheid South Africa." Web. 09 Nov. 2010. <http://www.southafrica.to/history/Apartheid/apartheid.htm>. Mathabane, Mark. // Kaffir Boy: the True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa //. New York: Macmillan, 1986. Print. Robinson, Alonford James. "Apartheid -- Africana." // Encyclopedia Africana //. Web. 09 Nov. 2010. <http://www.africanaencyclopedia.com/apartheid/apartheid.html>. "BBC News | AFRICA | South Africa's Struggle with Racism." // BBC News - Home //. 27 Aug. 2001. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1511723.stm>. "BBC News | AFRICA | South Africa's Struggle with Racism." // BBC News - Home //. 27 Aug. 2001. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1511723.stm>. Akwani, Obi. "Obi Akwani, MGV Editor." // Job Tools Table Include //. 29 Mar. 2008. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. <http://www.imdiversity.com/villages/global/civil_human_equal_rights/SouthAfricaUFS.asp>. In February, 2008, white students from the University of the Free State ritualized humiliation of four black men who were laborers for the university, which was caught on tape, and allegedly they, "secretly urinated in food that laborers had to eat",.