Mussolin+and+Castro

__Origin and nature of authoritarian and single-party states__ · Conditions that produced authoritarian and single-party states · Emergence of leaders: aims, ideology, support · Totalitarianism: the aim and the extent to which it was achieved **1.** **Select two leaders of single-party states, each chosen from a different region, and explain how and why the conditions of their state helped them to rise to power.** 2. Analyze the conditions that enabled one left-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. I. Synthesis of Mussolini and Castro a. Both Italy and Cuba, at the time Mussolini and Castro, respectively, came to power, were in need of a strong ruler who would help them through the difficult time they were currently in b. Both were fascists i. Mussolini founds the group, Castro is a supporter c. Worked their ways up from the bottom d. Introduced totalitarianism into their nations

Synthesis A) Parallels  · Both advocated solidarity. Mussolini believes the state is paramount, Fidel focuses on uniting the people.   · Focus on national pride and history.   · Believe in agricultural reform. Mussolini wants to raise production, Fidel wants to redistribute away from  foreign interests. Both want to bring the supply back into the state.   · Both are outstanding orators.   · Social and economic unrest is present in both countries. Poverty, unemployment, strikes/uprisings were  common.  B) Differences · The government of Italy was not as outwardly oppressive or decadent. Simply inefficient. · Castro believes in liberal policies: land redistribution, people’s power against the upper class, equality for everyone. · Mussolini believes: the state is more important than the individual, equality is not a true idea, elitism. · Mussolini had the backing of the military. Fidel relied on the people. · Mussolini is against unions. Castro is for worker’s rights.

__Establishment of authorities and single party states__ · Methods: force, legal · Form of government, (left- and right-wing) ideology · Nature, extent and treatment of opposition 1. Analyzing the ideology of (a) one right-wing ruler, and (b) one left wing ruler. 2. Select one leader of a single-party state, and explain why there was opposition to his rule, and why the opposition succeeded or failed. 3. Discuss (a) the ideology of, and (b) the support for, one right wing ruler of a single-party state. **4.** **Evaluate the methods used by either //Peron// or //Nasser// to maintain power. (for our purposes, you will select any two leaders from different regions)**

Castro and Mussolini were both fairly successful at using legal procedures over violent ones to consolidate their power, although Mussolini relied more on a secret police than Castro did. Castro’s force came mainly through publicizing his opinions and letting this fuel the opinion of the people and pressure opposition. Mussolini was also much more violent and restrictive in the face of opposition. The press was censored and rights were limited in Italy, while in Cuba Castro used the government positions and infiltration to dissuaded and limit opposition. Both leaders also believed in both a strong and parental image, but also had their limitations as to how far they believed their weaknesses should be revealed. Castro and Mussolini were also similarly elusive in the beginning of their reign about what their policies would be. Castro began supporting America and its democratic values, but soon changed to an anti-western policy and communism. Mussolini began with a socialist policy in favor of the workers in order to gain support from the majority of the population, but then changed to a fascist policy that favored the powerful. Mussolini never consolidated his polices as Castro did, but remained aloof in order to try and appeal to everyone. To creature national pride, Castro used the US as a scapegoat, while Mussolini favored an expansionist campaign reminiscent of Italy’s nostalgic past.

a. Both of these leaders came to power in ways that were not quite legal, although the difference is that Mussolini was elected to Parliament then marched on Rome and gained leadership of the country, while Castro merely mounted a revolution to gain power. b. Both of these leaders also used censorship and oppression of people through police force to put down any kind of protest. Both Castro and Mussolini had to deal with opposition, but both put it down through similar means that breached human liberties. c. One main difference between these leaders was that Castro was left-wing in his ideology, with communist leanings, while Mussolini was right-wing and anti-communist. They both sought great changes in their countries giving their government more control over the people, they just went about it through different policies, even if there attempted control of things such as the economy were similar.

__Domestic policies and impact__ · Structure and organization of government and administration · Political, economic, social and religious policies · Role of education, the arts, the media, propaganda · Status of women, treatment of religious groups and minorities 1. Compare and contrast the religious policies of Hitler and Peron. 2. In 1952 Kenyatta said, “God said this is our land, land in which we flourish as a people”. In what ways did the people of Kenya (a) benefit, and (b) suffer from Kenyatta’s policies? 3. To what extent were the social and economic policies of one of the following successful: Mao, Nasser, Stalin? **4.** **Compare and contrast the domestic policies of two of the following: Castro, Kenyatta, Stalin. (for our purposes, you will select any two leaders from different regions)** 5. Examine the role of education in one single-party or authoritarian state. 6. In what ways, and to what extent, was propaganda important in the rise and ruler of Hitler?