Mussolin+and+Mao

__Origin and nature of authoritarian and single-party states__ · Conditions that produced authoritarian and single-party states · Emergence of leaders: aims, ideology, support · Totalitarianism: the aim and the extent to which it was achieved **1.** **Select two leaders of single-party states, each chosen from a different region, and explain how and why the conditions of their state helped them to rise to power.** 2. Analyze the conditions that enabled one left-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. __Establishment of authorities and single party states__ · Methods: force, legal · Form of government, (left- and right-wing) ideology · Nature, extent and treatment of opposition 1. Analyzing the ideology of (a) one right-wing ruler, and (b) one left wing ruler. 2. Select one leader of a single-party state, and explain why there was opposition to his rule, and why the opposition succeeded or failed. 3. Discuss (a) the ideology of, and (b) the support for, one right wing ruler of a single-party state. **4.** **Evaluate the methods used by either //Peron// or //Nasser// to maintain power. (for our purposes, you will select any two leaders from different regions)**

**I.** Methods of Gaining Authority a. Both Mussolini and Mao gained support in a legal and natural way due to their personality’s and the current government’s inadequacy b. Both used force (and some form of March on the capital..), but Mao’s force was more traditional, through guerrilla tactics and a civil war c. Both Mussolini and Mao were able to implement intense propaganda to gain and keep support, and both relied on a cult of personality to do so. **II.** Form of Government and Ideology a. Mao was a left-wing, Marxist leader while Mussolini was a right-wing, Fascist leader b. Both governments included only members of their Party, and each was the official head of state. However, Mao was more a Chairman, while Mussolini was more of a direct dictator **III.** Opposition a. Both had opposition from the opposite political party. i. Mao’s opposition was more directly about the form of government and economy, while Mussolini’s was related to non-intervention in the war, and other specific policies ii. Both leaders faced external opposition b. Both leaders dealt violently and swiftly with opposition i. Mao and Mussolini both started their ruling periods with strong consolidation, and strong efforts to expel, and kill, potential opposition. ii. Mao was able to keep support through more conventional means as well, such as through youth movements and “constant revolution” iii. Mussolini, though he also used education and youth movements, was less successful in consistent popularity and thus resorted more to terror

__Domestic policies and impact__ · Structure and organization of government and administration · Political, economic, social and religious policies · Role of education, the arts, the media, propaganda · Status of women, treatment of religious groups and minorities 1. Compare and contrast the religious policies of Hitler and Peron. 2. In 1952 Kenyatta said, “God said this is our land, land in which we flourish as a people”. In what ways did the people of Kenya (a) benefit, and (b) suffer from Kenyatta’s policies? 3. To what extent were the social and economic policies of one of the following successful: Mao, Nasser, Stalin? **4.** **Compare and contrast the domestic policies of two of the following: Castro, Kenyatta, Stalin. (for our purposes, you will select any two leaders from different regions)** 5. Examine the role of education in one single-party or authoritarian state. 6. In what ways, and to what extent, was propaganda important in the rise and ruler of Hitler?