Hitler+and+Mao

__Origin and nature of authoritarian and single-party states__ · Conditions that produced authoritarian and single-party states · Emergence of leaders: aims, ideology, support · Totalitarianism: the aim and the extent to which it was achieved **1.** **Select two leaders of single-party states, each chosen from a different region, and explain how and why the conditions of their state helped them to rise to power.** 2. Analyze the conditions that enabled one left-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state.

**I.** **How Adolf Hitler’s and Mao Zedong’s rise to power were Similar:** a. Both Germany and China were in states of disrepair directly before these two totalitarian’s rise to power. **i.** China had just ousted the Manchu Dynasty that had ruled from 1640-1911 and was in an era of divided provincialism. There was rampant inflation caused by the reparations paid by China after the Opium Wars and The Boxer Uprising. There was by extension rampant unemployment and seasonal starvation. The most fiscally fruitful portions of China were under international control. **ii.** Germany had rampant unemployment and inflation and regularly had coups (called Putschs) of differing types to differing levels of success. The most fiscally fruitful portions of Germany were under international control. **iii.** Both Mao and Hitler promised a rectification of the unemployment and supply problems as well as a rejection of all foreign interference. b. Both Mao and Hitler used extensive propaganda campaigns to smear the existing government and generate images of their respective parties as freedom fighters and patriots to gain the populace’s favor. c. The propaganda campaigns and later governments were both supported by writings of the two totalitarians: Mien Kamf for Hitler and Mao’s little red book. d. Their non-governmental power was born out of governmental reprisals. i. Germany had terrible trouble keeping the communist elements suppressed within their country and had to accept help from the independently operated Friekorps. 1. After the Friekorps crushed the communist uprisings the government promptly disbanded them. 2. **Hitler** did not participate in these events; however, the members of the disbanded Friekorps later joined the NAZI private army—the SA. They organized and trained it into a well-oiled fighting machine. ii. The Nationalists had terrible trouble organizing all of the Warlords into one united country and accepted the help of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to do so. 1. After the CCP helped to crush the Warlords and unify China, the KMT Nationalists promptly disbanded the CCP and massacred 250,000 of its members. 2. Mao did not participate in a high-ranking position during the unification campaign but promptly gained unrivaled leadership when he led the CCP’s 6,000-mile retreat from the Nationalist’s crackdown to establish a base in Northern China. **II.** **How Adolf Hitler’s and Mao Zedong’s rises to power differed:** a. Hitler was a heavily right wing NAZI; Mao Zedong was a heavily left wing Socialist. b. Hitler received considerable support from the upper echelons of society whereas Mao relied almost exclusively on the common man. c. Hitler came to power through an election then political maneuvering; Mao came to power through force of arms after he occupied Beijing in 1949. d. They appealed to different parts of their respective populace’s psyche: i. Hitler appealed to the average German on three levels: 1. He promised fiscal prosperity that the Weimar had been unable to provide. 2. He promised a stronger German government and State. 3. He painted the opposition as anti-German, weak, indecisive, etc. ii. Mao appealed to the average Chinese populace on three levels: 1. He promised a collective prosperity in the form of sustenance for all, and an end to the seasonal famines. 2. He promised only a unified Chinese state, by extension it would be a stronger one but this differed from Hitler’s promise, as Mao’s promise didn’t include anything regarding imperialism or the furtherance of the Chinese borders as Hitler’s did. 3. He painted the opposition as opulent, lavish, and puppets of the west.

__Establishment of authorities and single party states__ · Methods: force, legal · Form of government, (left- and right-wing) ideology · Nature, extent and treatment of opposition 1. Analyzing the ideology of (a) one right-wing ruler, and (b) one left wing ruler. 2. Select one leader of a single-party state, and explain why there was opposition to his rule, and why the opposition succeeded or failed. 3. Discuss (a) the ideology of, and (b) the support for, one right wing ruler of a single-party state. **4.** **Evaluate the methods used by either //Peron// or //Nasser// to maintain power. (for our purposes, you will select any two leaders from different regions)**

Methods Similar - Both at least attempted to use forces to gain power - Hitler used in during the Beer Hall Putsch however he was unsuccessful and ended up going to jail because of his attempted revolt - He also used violence in setting up opposition groups like the communists for his acts of violence like the Reichstag Fire. - Mao was much more successful in that he was able to beat the nationalists within China and take over the government within China acting as the supreme ruler.

Methods Difference - Use of legal means were very different between Hitler and Mao - Hitler used Legal means to be appointed Chancellor and then passing a law that allowed him to govern without consulting the Reichstag - After passing the Enabling Act, everything he did was legal because he was following legal code to govern. - Mao did not use as many legal means to establish power because there was no real legal means to establish power. - Although there was some sort of democratic system, China had been in turmoil for so long that the system did not work correctly. - The only real way of getting power was through force so that was what was required of Mao in order to gain power. Ideologies Similar - Both are totalitarian states that control most aspects of peoples’ lives - Both created some sort of cult around the leader. - Mao was seen as a hero after the Long March and was idolized after becoming the leader of China - Hitler was given credit for getting Germany back to its former glory and so he was idolized. - Both supported improving the economy within their state and supporting nationalism. Ideologies Differences - Hitler wanted to improve the economy by getting rid or unemployment and making Germany self-sufficient by increasing exports while decreasing imports - Mao wanted to improve the economy by following more of a communist model by creating communes to produce goods. - Mao focused on more of a communist model of government changing it slightly to focus more on peasants. - Hitler was more conservative following more of a fascist model. Opposition Similar - Both crushed any opposition violently - Mao through purges - Hitler through sending those groups to work camps or concentration camps - Both dispersed any kind of political opposition - Hitler legally outlawed any other political parties - Mao chased out the KMT out of mainland China to Taiwan after the end of the war. Opposition Differences - Hitler focused on Jews, communists, gypsies, homosexuals and political enemies. - Mao tended to focus on the intellectuals as the subjects of his purges - Hitler also tended to use these out groups as scapegoats for the things that occurred within Germany previously.

Synthesis of Mao and Hitler A. Gaining power 1. Legal a. The two are on completely different levels when legality comes into play. Hitler Manipulated the government to gain full control, while Mao was elected. Mao didn’t have a Parliament (Reichstag) to go through he was the one man elected to lead a nation 2. Force a. The similarities between the two in how they gained power by using force is more prevalent. Mao used War, while Hitler used the Beer Hall Putsch. The two had no care for others lives as long as it advanced them for the better. B. Form of Government A. The two had very differing philosophies when it cam to governing their respective states. On one end of the spectrum, Hitler, is a very rightist leader focusing on military, nationalism, and the people of his country. Mao had a different way he ran China. He centralized the government and ensured that he could control exactly how much and what was made in China. B. The only similarities that the two had was that while Hitler discriminated against Jews and Communist, Mao wanted to bring down anyone that wasn’t for his cause. Both had plans set to “flush” out the “Un-wanteds”. C. Treatment of Opposition A. Hitler had a more moderate form of treatment to his opposition. He would jail them, and rarely kill his opponents. While Mao had a more harsher take on punishment. He would Kill the opponents, and even citizens that supposedly were against him would be jailed on sheer suspicion. B. Both had a no tolerance policy to their opposition. Suppressive rule kept the pressure off of them and scare tactics helped them keep their rule.

__Domestic policies and impact__ · Structure and organization of government and administration · Political, economic, social and religious policies · Role of education, the arts, the media, propaganda · Status of women, treatment of religious groups and minorities 1. Compare and contrast the religious policies of Hitler and Peron. 2. In 1952 Kenyatta said, “God said this is our land, land in which we flourish as a people”. In what ways did the people of Kenya (a) benefit, and (b) suffer from Kenyatta’s policies? 3. To what extent were the social and economic policies of one of the following successful: Mao, Nasser, Stalin? **4.** **Compare and contrast the domestic policies of two of the following: Castro, Kenyatta, Stalin. (for our purposes, you will select any two leaders from different regions)** 5. Examine the role of education in one single-party or authoritarian state. 6. In what ways, and to what extent, was propaganda important in the rise and ruler of Hitler?

** Compare ** - No Religion as influence - Both seen in the eyes of the followers as God like characters - Both Germany and China had massive book burnings of anything that might challenge the dictatorships - Propaganda was huge for both leaders - Both leaders targeted youth for revolution - Targeted religious groups - The current government had been fighting a war against the Japanese that left the people suffering and depressed. Mao challenged Chaing Ka Sheck's weak Chinese government, which led to a civil war. Just like Hitler after World War I, which lead to World War II. - Both left office with there deaths - Prior to both coming to power both Germany and China has hyperinflation problems

** Contrast ** - Mao Communist and Hitler Nazi - Little Red Book, Third Reich Allies are USSR for China and Germany Italy and Japan