Hitler+and+Castro

__Origin and nature of authoritarian and single-party states__ · Conditions that produced authoritarian and single-party states · Emergence of leaders: aims, ideology, support · Totalitarianism: the aim and the extent to which it was achieved **1.** **Select two leaders of single-party states, each chosen from a different region, and explain how and why the conditions of their state helped them to rise to power.** 2. Analyze the conditions that enabled one left-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. __Establishment of authorities and single party states__ · Methods: force, legal · Form of government, (left- and right-wing) ideology · Nature, extent and treatment of opposition 1. Analyzing the ideology of (a) one right-wing ruler, and (b) one left wing ruler. 2. Select one leader of a single-party state, and explain why there was opposition to his rule, and why the opposition succeeded or failed. 3. Discuss (a) the ideology of, and (b) the support for, one right wing ruler of a single-party state. **4.** **Evaluate the methods used by either //Peron// or //Nasser// to maintain power. (for our purposes, you will select any two leaders from different regions)**

Forms of Government Control · Both leaders used legal and brutal methods to control their people. · Hitler used Brutal force to gain power legally. Forced people to vote for the Enabling Law. Castro initially filed a petition legally, then resorted to violence when it failed. · Both leaders completely controlled all forms of media. · Both dominated the social aspects of their people. · The leaders used secret police to control the public. Hitler- SS. Castro- Committees for the Defense of the Revolution. · Castro and Hitler violated human rights. · Castro banned other parties from elections, and Hitler got rid of elections. · Hitler gained power from elections and the enabling law, and Castro self-proclaimed himself leader. · Otherwise, they have similar styles of government control. Hitler was more brutal though. Ideology · Opposite sides of the spectrum. Comunist vs. Fascist. · Both controlled all aspects of life for their people. · Hitler made race a factor in society. Castro made all people equal. · Both controlled industry, agriculture, and the economy. · Castro and Hitler restricted the personal freedom of their people. · Hitler was anti-communist. Castro was anti-fascist and anti-capitalist. · Both had the intention of reducing unemployment. · Both opposed the moderates. Opposition · Poor liked Castro and the rich hated him. Hitler liked by both. · Both opposed the United States politically and economically. · Castro didn’t oppress the religious. Hitler made a concordat, but he broke it. · Both struck down on opposition. Arrests and executions. · Hitler was harsher and had more enemies. Jews. · Both removed previous governments and jailed or killed the previous leaders. General Rohm and President Urrutia. Both blamed other for their problems. Castro blamed capitalists. Hitler blamed the Jews.

** __Establishment of authorities and single party states- Compare, Contrast Hitler and Castro__ **

· Establishment of single party states, once in power both Castro and Hitler instituted system of one party government, through both outlawing former parties and violently suppressing political dissenters. · Radical political views, after establishing himself and his party at the forefront of all political operations, both Hitler and Castro began to institute more and more radical political views, straying further and further from the political center. · Aggressive, oppressive treatment of political opposition, in the case of Castro, the quick suppression of the Bay of Pigs Operation, an attempted coup plotted out by the American CIA. In the case of Hitler The Night of The Long Knives, a purge by the SS and Gestapo of Nazi political opposition. · Militaristic, Castro to power largely by his organization of small troops of guerilla fighters who would launch a military offensive against Batista's Cuban army in the fall of 1958, and then take power in early 1959. Hitler to retain power by extensive use of the secret police arm of his administration, SS and Gestapo. · Initial appeal to common people, Castro rallied revolutionary opposition through calls for free elections, restoration of the 1940 constitution, creation of an honest administration, reinstatement of full civil and political liberties, and moderate reforms. Hitler rallied Nazi support in large part by extensive propaganda campaigns aimed at progressing Nazi party agenda, allowing for the Nazi party to become the second largest in Reichstag by 1930. · Control, Hitler abolished trade unions. Workers, employees, and employers were forced into the German Labor Front, which was under the control of Nazi leader Robert Ley and maintained control through liberal employment of secret police force. Once established as Cuba's leader, Castro Instituted dictatorial control over all aspects of Cuba's political, economic, and cultural life and began pursuit of more radical policies: Cuba's private commerce and industry were nationalized; sweeping land reforms were instituted; and American businesses and agricultural estates were expropriated. · Hitler into power through relatively legal means, Hitler’s legal rise to Chancellor through democratic elections in Weimar Germany. [|Reichstag Fire] Decree then permitted the suspension of basic civil rights, rights that had been guaranteed by the democratic Weimar Constitution. · Castro into power through violent coup/overthrow, Launched a military offensive against Batista's Cuban army in the fall of 1958, led to collapse of Batista regime on January 1, 1959. Castro and his forces would immediately take control of the capital and the country. · Castro realized much of power through strong relations with the USSR, Soviet aid enabled Castro to redistribute wealth in Cuba, introduce a free public health system, expand educational opportunities, and provide full employment. In exchange for the aid they provided to Cuba, the Soviets hoped to use Castro's revolutionary enthusiasm to further the cause of communism on an international scale. · Hitler’s Nazism far right wing in practice, Nazism presented itself as politically centrist, incorporating policies, tactics and philosophies from [|right- and left-wing] ideologies; in practice, however, Nazism was a [|far right] form of politics, a splinter variety of Mussolini’s Fascism, and included intense biological racism anti-Semitism and ethnic cleansing. · Castro’s Communism far left wing in practice, Castro also introduced a Soviet-style political structure; the Cuban Communist Party was the only legal political party. Press and television were heavily censored, and most businesses were owned by the state. Nationalized all industry and agricultural in Cuba, turned much of nationalized agricultural into collectives. · United States served as force behind political opposition of Castro, Openly critical of American imperialism for inflicting economic backwardness on Cuba and the rest of Latin America, would lead to severe trade restrictions on Cuba by the United States. · Initially, political organizations within Germany served as only true opposition to Hitler.
 * Similarities **
 * Differences **

__Domestic policies and impact__ · Structure and organization of government and administration · Political, economic, social and religious policies · Role of education, the arts, the media, propaganda · Status of women, treatment of religious groups and minorities 1. Compare and contrast the religious policies of Hitler and Peron. 2. In 1952 Kenyatta said, “God said this is our land, land in which we flourish as a people”. In what ways did the people of Kenya (a) benefit, and (b) suffer from Kenyatta’s policies? 3. To what extent were the social and economic policies of one of the following successful: Mao, Nasser, Stalin? **4.** **Compare and contrast the domestic policies of two of the following: Castro, Kenyatta, Stalin. (for our purposes, you will select any two leaders from different regions)** 5. Examine the role of education in one single-party or authoritarian state. 6. In what ways, and to what extent, was propaganda important in the rise and ruler of Hitler?