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Paper 2 Topics Year 2 Works Cited Year 2 Reading Notes Single Party State Leadership IB History Timeline Historical Investigation 2010-2011 Historical Investigation 2012

= Year 1 =

This prescribed subject addresses international relations from 1918 to 1936 with emphasis on the Paris Peace Settlement—its making, impact and problems of enforcement—and attempts during the period to promote collective security and international cooperation through the League of Nations and multilateral agreements (outside the League mechanism), arms reduction and the pursuit of foreign policy goals without resort to violence. The prescribed subject also requires consideration of the extent to which the aims of peacemakers and peacekeepers were realized and the obstacles to success. Areas on which the source-based questions will focus are:
 * aims of the participants and peacemakers: Wilson and the Fourteen Points
 * terms of the Paris Peace Treaties 1919-20: Versailles, St Germain, Trianon, Neuilly, Sèvres/Lausanne 1923
 * the geopolitical and economic impact of the treaties on Europe; the establishment and impact of the mandate system
 * enforcement of the provisions of the treaties: US isolationism—the retreat from the Anglo–American Guarantee; disarmament—Washington, London, Geneva conferences
 * the League of Nations: effects of the absence of major powers; the principle of collective security and early attempts at peacekeeping (1920-5)
 * the Ruhr Crisis (1923); Locarno and the “Locarno Spring” (1925)
 * Depression and threats to international peace and collective security: Manchuria (1931-3) and Abyssinia (1935-6).

This section deals with the period between the two World Wars and the attempts to promote international cooperation and collective security. Obstacles to cooperation, such as post-war revisionism, economic crises and challenges to democracy and political legitimacy in Italy, Germany and Spain respectively, all require examination and consideration. The policies of the right-wing regimes and the responses of democratic states are also the focus of this section.
 * Germany1919-33: political, constitutional, economic, financial and social problems
 * Italy 1919‑39: Mussolini’s domestic and foreign policies
 * The impact of the Great Depression (case study of its effect on one country in Europe)
 * Spanish Civil War: background to the outbreak of the Civil War; causes and consequences; foreign involvement; reasons for Nationalist victory
 * Hitler’s domestic and foreign policy (1933‑39)
 * Search for collective security; appeasement in the interwar years; the failure of international diplomacy;the outbreak of war in 1939

This section deals with the consolidation of the Soviet state from 1924 and the methods applied to ensure its survival, growth and expansion inside and outside the borders of the Soviet Union. Bolshevik rule under Lenin, the rise and nature of the rule of Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev and the policies and practice of Sovietization (post-1945) in Central and Eastern Europe are areas for examination. East–West relations post-1945 in relation to Soviet aims and leadership should also be considered.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Stalin (1924-53): power struggle; collectivization and industrialization; Five Year Plans; constitution; cult of personality; purges; impact on society; foreign relations to 1941
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Great Patriotic War : breakdown of wartime alliance; Cold War; policies towards Germany: Berlin; Eastern European satellite states; Warsaw Pact
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Khrushchev (1955-64): struggle for power after Stalin’s death; destalinization; peaceful coexistence; domestic policies: economic and agricultural; foreign relations: Hungary, Berlin, Cuba, China
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Brezhnev: domestic and foreign policies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Case study of one Sovietized/satellite state: establishment of Soviet control; the nature of the single- party state; domestic policies; opposition and dissent (suitable examples could be East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland but all relevant states are valid)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Transformation of Soviet Union: political developments and change (1982-2000)

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 200%;">Year 2 =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">This section deals with the impact of the First World War upon the Middle East and examines the significance of the Arab revolt militarily and politically as well as the effects of Allied diplomacy on the region’s development. The unit requires consideration of post-war territorial and political rearrangements in the region, whether in the form of mandates or the establishment of independent states, as well as the emergence of movements for national regeneration. The question of the Palestine Mandate, including British administration and policies and the origins and development of the Arab–Jewish dispute up to 1948, is a particular area of focus.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Allied diplomacy and its impact in the Middle East; <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">MacMahon –Hussein Correspondence <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">; <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Sykes–Picot Agreement 1916 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">; <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Arab Revolt 1916 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">; <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Balfour Declaration 1917

Paper 3 outlines: Non-Palestine Mandates
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Paris Peace Settlement: territorial and political impact on the region; the mandate system: British and French administration in Iraq, Transjordan, Syria and Lebanon

Paper 3 outlines: Palestine Mandate 1919-1939 Paper Outlines: 1948 War
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Establishment and operation of the Palestine Mandate until 1948: economic, social and political developments; increased Jewish immigration; agreements/policies: Hope Simpson Report, Peel Commission, White Papers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Post-Second World War tensions: UNSCOP; creation of the state of Israel; War of Independence 1948-9
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Atatürk and the Turkish Republic: aims and policies 1919-38; impact on Turkish society; successes and failures
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Iran and Reza Khan 1924-41: establishment and nature of the regime; attempts to modernize; Western influences
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Saudi Arabia and Ibn Saud 1932-1949: establishment and nature of the regime; role of religion in the state; economic and social policies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Related Topics: Zionism

Mr. Hinze and Mr. Griffin IB History-isms The Democratic Republic of the International Baccalaureate

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">This prescribed subject addresses the development of the Arab–Israeli conflict from 1945 to 1979. It also requires consideration of the role of outside powers in the conflict either as promoters of tension or mediators in attempts to lessen tensions in the region. The prescribed subject requires study of the political, economic and social issues behind the dispute and the specific causes and consequences of the military clashes between 1948-9 and 1973. The nature and extent of social and economic developments within the disputed territory of Palestine/Israel within the period and their impact on the populations should also be studied. The end date for the prescribed subject is 1979 with the signing of the Egyptian–Israeli peace agreement. Areas on which the source-based questions will focus are: Suez Crisis Paper 1
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">last years of the British Mandate; UNSCOP partition plan and the outbreak of civil war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">British withdrawal; establishment of Israel; Arab response and 1948/49 war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">demographic shifts: the Palestinian diaspora 1947 onwards; Jewish immigration and the economic
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">development of the Israeli state
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Suez Crisis of 1956 : role of Britain, France, the United States, the USSR, Israel and the UNO
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Arabism and Zionism; emergence of the PLO
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Six Day War of 1967 and the October War of 1973 : causes, course, and consequences
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">role of the United States, USSR and UNO
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Camp David and the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Agreement.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">This section deals with the issues of nationalism, communalism, modernization and westernization in the Middle East post-1945. It requires examination of the issues of domestic reforms and the extent to which they proved acceptable and/or successful in achieving their aims, as well as consideration of the influence of outside interference on developments within the region generally or in specific states. Relationships between Arab states and the relationship of Arab states (individually and/or collectively) with Israel following the war of 1973 should also be investigated.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Egypt under Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak: nature of the state; political developments; economic and social policies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Modernization and Westernization under <span class="wiki_link_new">Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in Iran: impact of Western influence; White Revolution; nature of society; 1979 Revolution
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Lebanon: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">civil wars <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">, outside interference and reconstruction; confessional state; economic tensions; growth of militias and PLO
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Pan-Arabism: the UAR and the search for Arab leadership and unity; short-lived nature of UAR; longer-term impact on Islamic unity
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Arab world and Israel: uneasy relations and conflicts; attempts at peacemaking; tensions caused by consequences of conflict (Occupied Territories, Intifada)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Case study of one Middle Eastern state (excluding Egypt): the nature of the government; domestic policies; opposition and dissent (suitable examples could be Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria or any other relevant state)