Derrick+Galantowicz


 * A) Plan of Investigation: The question of this investigation is to what extent did the Colombian ** **government turn their heads towards Pablo Escobar’s illegal activity because of his popularity. Pablo Escobar grew very popular in Colombia because of what he gave back to the community. He would deny accusations against him for being involved with drug trafficking. This will be investigated by the book //Killing Pablo //by Mark Bowden and Cyndi Banks' " **Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society".

**B) Events: ** **C: ** Banks, Cyndi. "Pablo Escobar." Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 18 Jan. 2012.
 * - "Criminal strategy was as referred to as "plata o plomo" ("silver or lead")—meaning accept a bribe (silver) or face assassination (lead).” ( Banks) **
 * -December 2nd, 1993. In Medellin “ it was here he had created housing for the poor.”(Bowden 18) **
 * -April 9, 1948. Jorge Gaitan, politician, murdered. “Gaitan’s murder is where the modern history of Colombia starts.” (Bowden 42) **
 * - December 2nd, 1993. Pablo Escobar killed. “ mourned by thousands. Crowds rioted when his casket carried into the streets of his home city of Medellin. People pushed the bearers aside and pried open the lid to touch his cold, stiff face.”( Bowden 63) **
 * - For rural Colombia, he was qualified as upper middle class. (Bowden 68) **
 * - “ The cocaine business would make Pablo Escobar and his fellow Antioquia crime bosses-the Ochoa brothers, Carlos Lehder, Jose Rodriguez Gacha-and other richer than their wildest fantasies, among the richest men in the world.” (Bowden 91) **
 * - Mid-eightees, “Escobar would own nineteen different residences in Medellin alone, each with a heliport.”(Bowden 92) **
 * - March 1976, Pablo arested by the DAS after they found thirty nine kilos of cocaine. Pablo bribed the judge and he was freed. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- “ Conservative Catholic Church in Medellin backed Pablo’s social programs, and some priests would continue to support him throughout his life.” (Bowden 123) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Pablo created a dual system of justice in Medellin. “ The violence commited in the course of his business-the murder rate doubled in the city during this period-was studiously ignored by the police. IT was considered part of the drug business, something seperate from civil society.”( Bowden 126) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- “In 1982 he ran for Congress himself. He stood as a substitute, for Envigado representative Jairo Ortega... who is allowed full priveleges of the office.”(Bowden 131) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- With that brought the luxury Pablo wanted. “So Pablo could no longer be prosecuted for crimes under Colombian law.”(Bowden 132) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- “ Cocaine trafficking appealed to leftist nationalists, who applauded the great transfer of wealth from north to south.”(Bowden 135) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- “ He hired publicists and paid off journalists.”(Bowden 136) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- “ Sponsored art exhibitions to raise money for charity and founded “Medellin Without Slums.””(Bowden 137) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- started private militia, Muerte a Secuestradores(Death to Kidnappers) “When the sister of his friends the Ochoas, Martha Nieves Ochoa, was kidnapped by M-19 in 1981.”(Bowden 140) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- “Could afford to do more than just defend themselves... armed with sophisticated military equipment and trained by ISraeli and British Mercenaries.” (Bowden 142) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Pablo said his money came from his business property.(Bowden 145) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- “built small, remote controlled submarines that could carry up to two thousand kilos of cocaine”(Bowden 148) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Pablo sought respectibilty and the Colombian society rebelled. “When he tried to take the seat in El Congreso the following year, it provoked a political storm that dashed Pablo’s dream of social status and political power. It triggered one of the bloodiest decades in Colombia’s history.”(Bowden 150) ** **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">government turn their heads towards Pablo Escobar’s illegal activity because of his popularity from years . Pablo Escobar grew very popular in Colombia because of what he gave back to the community. He would deny accusations against him for being involved with drug trafficking. **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Cyndi Banks who has a PhD from Northern Arizona University and is Chair and Professor of the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice created this to inform an issue on controversy and society relating to Pablo Escobar and his criminology. There is tremendous value from this source. It really related to my research question. It helped me figure out how Pablo bribed government officials to get his way which was a big part in my question. “ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f1312; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Escobar bribed government officials, judges, and police and often personally executed anyone he viewed as a threat. His overall criminal strategy was referred to as "plata o plomo" ("silver or lead")—meaning accept a bribe (silver) or face assassination (lead).” ( Banks) Also gave insight on how the people of Medellin viewed Pablo Escobar. “For a time, many in Medellín regarded Escobar as a hero, since he sponsored sports and distributed money to the poor in his hometown. In return, the people of Medellín protected and aided him.” ( Banks) Everything else didnt really relate to my time period. There were few limitations. It was not a primary source. Also it didn’t get very in depth with the time period I’m investigating and was pretty broad. **

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Serio, Joseph D., and Jess Maghan. "Escobar, Pablo Emilio Gaviria, A.k.a. "The Godfather" (1949-1993)." Illicit Trafficking. By Robert J. Kelly. Denver: ABC CLIO, 2005. 117-21. Print.

D. Pablo Escobar's popularity throughout Columbia greatly helped him out with his business. He was a <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“ cold-blooded killer but also as a master schemer and an evader of justice.”(Serio) This would then conclude to him coming up with his criminal strategy. His ****<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Criminal strategy was <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f1312; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">as referred to as "plata o plomo" ("silver or lead")—meaning accept a bribe (silver) or face assassination (lead).” ( Banks) In March 1976, he was arrested by the DAS for having thirty nine kilos of cocaine but " ****<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Pablo bribed the judge and he was freed." (Serio)****<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“ Sponsored art exhibitions to raise money for charity and founded “Medellin Without Slums.””(Bowden 137) ** Pablo Escobar was killed on December 2nd, 1993 as he was "<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">mourned by thousands. Crowds rioted when his casket carried into the streets of his home city of Medellin. People pushed the bearers aside and pried open the lid to touch his cold, stiff face”( Bowden 63) He was loved by Columbia which greatly effected how the government acted towards him. This was a big issue as a government shouldn't ever turn their heads to anyone. Cocaine was bringing a lot of money to Columbia which government heads liked. **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“ Cocaine trafficking appealed to leftist nationalists, who applauded the great transfer of wealth from north to south.”(Bowden 135) ** ****<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pablo Escobar's involvement with the government was vital to his operations. He was offered a great oppurtunity in 1982. " ********<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">he ran for Congress himself. He stood as a substitute, for Envigado representative Jairo Ortega... who is allowed full priveleges of the office.”(Bowden 131) This then brought the luxury he wanted. ********<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“So Pablo could no longer be prosecuted for crimes under Colombian law.”(Bowden 132) This would then result in a split system in justice. ******<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“ The violence commited in the course of his business-the murder rate doubled in the city during this period-was studiously ignored by the police. IT was considered part of the drug business, something seperate from civil society.”( Bowden 126) ** **E.** ******<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The conclusion i have came to based on my research question was that the government couldn't stay with the shenanigans he was pulling. ****** ****<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It was working well for Pablo for a long time until the US got involved. Then with elections in the Colombian government; they had no choice but to act. He definetly broke the system of how a government should be operated but it eventually caught up with him. **** ******<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">F. ****** Banks, Cyndi. "Pablo Escobar." Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 18 Jan. 2012.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Dr. Serio created this to give reference about many drug traffickers around the world. Also to give controversieries and solutions on those drug traffickers .Dr. Serio completed his P.H D in Criminal Justice at Sam Houston State University. Currently, he is a professional speaker and trainer on management, leadership, and media awareness for criminal justice practitioners and at universities around the country. I found a decent amount of value from this source. It went over how his criminal career began and how it progressed, starting as stealing headstones at a graveyard, to a “ cold-blooded killer but also as a master schemer and an evader of justice.” It also explained a little on his operations. The limitations that went along with it was that it was not a primary source and did not go in depth on the operations he did and was too broad. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Pablo Escobar had a very good run as he would be " ******<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">among the richest men in the world,” (Bowden 91) but that couldn't continue forever. **

Romero, Simon. "Taking Up Arms to Deal With a Drug Lord's Legacy: Wild Hippos." // New York Times // 11 Sept. 2009: A6(L). // Student Resources in Context //. Web. 2 Mar. 2012.

Serio, Joseph D., and Jess Maghan. "Escobar, Pablo Emilio Gaviria, A.k.a. "The Godfather" (1949-1993)." Illicit Trafficking. By Robert J. Kelly. Denver: ABC CLIO, 2005. 117-21. Print.
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Holmes, Jennifer S., Gutierriez Amin, and Kevin M. Curtin. //Guns, Drugs &Development in Colombia//. Austin: University of Texas, 2008. Print. **

Source 1

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f1312; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Banks, Cyndi. "Pablo Escobar." Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 18 Jan. 2012.


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Origin: Cyndi Banks who has a PhD from Northern Arizona University. She is Chair and Professor of the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. She is also an author of a US textbook. **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Purpose: She created this to inform an issue on controversy and society relating to Pablo Escobar and his criminology. **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Value: There is tremendous value from this source. It really relates to my research question. It helps me figure out how Pablo bribed government officials to get his way which was a big part in my question. “ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f1312; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Escobar bribed government officials, judges, and police and often personally executed anyone he viewed as a threat. His overall criminal strategy was referred to as "plata o plomo" ("silver or lead")—meaning accept a bribe (silver) or face assassination (lead).” ( Banks) Also how the people of Medellin viewed Pablo Escobar. “For a time, many in Medellín regarded Escobar as a hero, since he sponsored sports and distributed money to the poor in his hometown. In return, the people of Medellín protected and aided him.” ( Banks) Everything else does not relate to my time period **

**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Source 2 **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f1312; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Limitations: It is not a primary source. Also it doesn’t get very in depth with the time period I’m investigating and is pretty broad. **

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Works Cited <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Serio, Joseph D., and Jess Maghan. "Escobar, Pablo Emilio Gaviria, A.k.a. "The Godfather" (1949-1993)." Illicit Trafficking. By Robert J. Kelly. Denver: ABC CLIO, 2005. 117-21. Print.


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Origin: Dr. Serio completed his P.H D in Criminal Justice at Sam Houston State University. Currently he is a professional speaker and trainer on management, leadership, and media awareness fir criminal justice practitioners and at universities around the country. **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Purpose: This was created to give reference about many drug traffickers around the world. Also to give controversieries and solutions. **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Value: It went over how his criminal career began and how it progressed, starting as stealing headstones at a graveyard, to a “ cold-blooded killer but also as a master schemer and an evader of justice.” It also explained a little on his operations. **

**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Source 3 **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Limitations: It is not a primary source and does not go in depth on the operations he did and is too broad. **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Holmes, Jennifer S., Gutierriez Amin, and Kevin M. Curtin. //Guns, Drugs &Development in Colombia//. Austin: University of Texas, 2008. Print. **

Jennifer S. Holmes, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Political Economy and Political Science at the University of Texas at Dallas. She received her BA from the University of Chicago and her Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. Her major area of research is political violence, terrorism, and political development with an emphasis on Latin America and Southern Europe.
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Origin: **

Purpose: This secondary source was created by many authors with quantitaive and qualitative information.

Value: There is good quantitative data on Columbia's economy and how it developed contributed much value. “drug money has funded the purchase of 4-6 million hectares (10-15 million acres)” (Holmes 112). Also reaveles state economy in 1980s and 1990s.

Limitations: Information and documents limeted from 1990- 2001. A secondary source. Source 4 Romero, Simon. "Taking Up Arms to Deal With a Drug Lord's Legacy: Wild Hippos." // New York Times // 11 Sept. 2009: A6(L). // Student Resources in Context //. Web. 2 Mar. 2012.

Origin: Simon Romero is a writer for the New York Times. He's a berau chief and studies specific countries.

Purpose: To tell a story about Escobar's wild ideas.

Value: It shows Escobar's ambitions and how powerful he did become. Also showed that he's a very weird dude. " He needed a tranquil place to unwind with his family, said Fernando Montoya, 57, a sculptor from Medellin who built giant statues here of Tyrannosaurus rex and other dinosaurs for Mr. Escobar... Mr. <span class="hitHighlite" style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline;">Escobar was not content with just fake dinosaurs and bullfights. In what ecologists describe as possibly the continent's most ambitious effort to assemble a collection of species foreign to South America, he imported animals like zebras, giraffes, kangaroos, rhinoceroses and, of course, hippopotamuses." Escobar wanted to do whatever he wants whenever he wants. Gave a great primary source from someone involved with Pablo.

Limitations: Barely talked about the history of Pablo. More focused on Pablo caused more hippos in colombia.